What fundamental right does the Fourth Amendment protect?

The Fourth Amendment of the United States Constitution is primarily concerned with protecting individuals from arbitrary interference by the government in their personal lives. Specifically, it guards against unreasonable searches and seizures, ensuring that law enforcement and other government entities must have probable cause and, in most cases, a warrant before they can search an individual's property or seize their belongings. This protection is fundamental to maintaining personal privacy and liberty, and it reflects a core principle of democratic governance, where individuals are safeguarded against overreach by the state.

Other rights, while significant, pertain to different amendments—free speech is protected under the First Amendment, the right to bear arms is addressed in the Second Amendment, and due process is covered under the Fifth and Fourteenth Amendments. Therefore, the fundamental right that the Fourth Amendment specifically protects is the right against unreasonable searches and seizures.